Table 4 Factors associated with CKD prevalence in the Alborg Laboratory database

Sex (male vs the (reference = female))

1.53

(1.51–1.56)

 < .001

1.55

(1.51–1.6)

 < .001

Age group

 18–29 years

ref

 30–39 years

1.99

(1.86–2.13)

 < .001

2.01

(1.78–2.26)

 < .001

 40–49 years

4.91

(4.61–5.24)

 < .001

4.62

(4.14–5.162)

 < .001

 50–59 years

15.16

(14.25–16.12)

 < .001

13.63

(12.24–15.173)

 < .001

 60–69 years

44.69

(42.05–47.49)

 < .001

37.58

(33.78–41.815)

 < .001

 70–79 years

107.72

(101.23–114.63)

 < .001

92.75

(83.26–103.311)

 < .001

 80–89 years

183.23

(171.09–196.22)

 < .001

167.87

(149.66–188.301)

 < .001

 More than or equal 90 years

231.24

(207.1–258.20)

 < .001

237.82

(200.19–282.524)

 < .001

Region

 Albaha vs other regions

0.97

(0.91–1.03)

0.328

NA^**

NA

NA

 Aljouf vs other regions

0.62

(0.51–0.76)

 < .001

0.85

(0.6–1.192)

0.342

 Almadina vs other regions

0.93

(0.89–0.96)

 < .001

0.87

(0.77–0.98)

0.022

 Alqasim vs other regions

0.69

(0.66–0.73)

 < .001

0.73

(0.64–0.826)

 < .001

 Asir vs other regions

0.91

(0.88–0.94)

 < .001

0.9

(0.8–1.007)

0.065

 Eastern Region vs other regions

0.88

(0.85–0.92)

 < .001

0.93

(0.83–1.048)

0.234

 Hail vs other regions

0.86

(0.81–0.9)

 < .001

0.81

(0.71–0.928)

0.002

 Jazan vs other regions

0.95

(0.91–0.99)

0.039

1.34

(1.18–1.528)

 < .001

 Makkah vs other regions

1.67

(1.64–1.70)

 < .001

1.4

(1.26–1.551)

 < .001

 Najran vs other regions

0.47

(0.43–0.52)

 < .001

0.47

(0.39–0.573)

 < .001

 Northern Boarders vs other regions

0.73

(0.46–1.17)

0.187

0.32

(0.07–3.220)

0.370

 Riyadh vs other regions

0.66

(0.65–0.68)

 < 0.001

0.9

(0.81–1.004)

0.058

 Tabouk vs other regions

0.8

(0.74–0.86)

 < 0.001

1.18

(0.99–1.412)

0.068

Year of the visit

 2015

Ref

 2016

1.02

(0.98–1.066)

0.237

0.96

(0.9–1.019)

0.174

 2017

1.19

(1.14–1.23)

 < 0.001

1.03

(0.97–1.093)

0.375

 2018

1.08

(1.04–1.12)

 < 0.001

0.99

(0.94–1.064)

0.955

 2019

1.12

(1.08–1.16)

 < 0.001

0.98

(0.92–1.038)

0.452

 2020

1.10

(1.06–1.14)

 < 0.001

1.03

(0.97–1.095)

0.306

 2021

1.09

(1.05–1.13)

 < 0.001

0.99

(0.94–1.067)

0.928

 2022

1.02

(0.98–1.06)

0.237

0.96

(0.9–1.018)

0.161

Lab measurements

 Body mass index (BMI) (Kg/m2)

0.99

(0.98–1.10)

0.073

1.03

(1.02–1.028)

 < .001

 LDL-C (mg/dL)

0.98

(0.97–0.99)

 < .001

1

(1–0.999)

 < .001

 Triglyceride (mg/dL)

1.03

(1.01–1.04)

 < .001

1.13

(1.12–1.143)

 < .001

 HbA1c (%)

1.43

(1.43–1.44)

 < .001

1.01

(1–1.005)

 < .001

 Systolic Blood pressure (mmHg)

1.02

(1.01–1.03)

 < .001

1.03

(1.02–1.028)

 < .001