Risk factors associated with Indian type 2 diabetes patients with chronic kidney disease: CITE study, a cross-sectional, real-world, observational study

Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic kidney disease (CKD)

Categorical variables	N (%)	Continuous variable	Median	IQR
Age ≥60 years	1906(57.32)	UACR (mg/g)	115.7	269.81
Male	2148(64.6)	eGFR	65	47
T2DM duration > 10 years	2019(60.72)	HbA1c	7.7	2.3
Non-vegetarian diet	2581(77.62)	BMI (kg/m²)	25.78	4.98
HbA1c < 7%	1046(31.46)	SBP (mm of Hg)	138.4	26
BMI≥25 kg/m²	1920(57.74)	DBP (mm of Hg)	80	14
BMI 23.0–24.9 kg/m²	668(20.09)
Tobacco use (Yes)	672(20.21)
Hypertension	2456(73.86)
ASCVD	653(19.64)
HF	167(5.02)
Retinopathy	384(11.54)
Neuropathy	649(19.52)
Lipid Profile	Not collected*
Hemoglobin (g/dl)			12.5	1.8
Albumin (g/dl)			4.0	0.5
Metformin	2,369 (71.24)
Insulin	1,345 (40.45)
SGLT2-i	2,220 (66.76)
GLP1-RA	132 (3.97)
NS-MRA	32 (0.96)
RAASB	1,932 (58.11)

Percentages represent the number of patients on each medication class, based on available records; n = 3,325. Additional medication data (e.g., sulfonylureas, DPP-4 inhibitors) were collected but not tabulated due to space constraints and are available upon request from the corresponding author
* Data were not collected due to logistical constraints (e.g., a 12-hour fasting requirement for most lipid profile components was not feasible across most clinics) and inconsistent availability in patient records, including for LDL cholesterol, which does not require fasting

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