Table 1 Baseline characteristics of CKD patients with hypertension and diabetes
|  | Total (n = 11,758) | Insulin nonusers (n = 5,864) | Insulin users (n = 5,894) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex |  |  |  | < 0.001 |
 Male (%) | 6236 (53) | 3205 (54.7) | 3031 (51.4) |  |
 Female (%) | 5522 (47) | 2659 (45.3) | 2863 (48.6) |  |
Age | 62.1 \(\:\pm\:\) 10.9 | 62.6 \(\:\pm\:\) 10.9 | 61.7 \(\:\pm\:\) 11 | < 0.001 |
 20–39 (%) | 860 (7.3) | 398 (6.8) | 462 (7.8) | 0.001 |
 40–64 (%) | 5794 (49.3) | 2829 (48.2) | 2965 (50.3) | |
 65–80 (%) | 5104 (43.4) | 2637 (45) | 2467 (41.9) | |
Comorbidities | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 Ischemic Heart Disease (%) | 2794 (23.8) | 1352 (23.1) | 1442 (24.5) | 0.072 |
 Hyperlipidemia (%) | 6186 (52.6) | 3075 (52.4) | 3111 (52.8) | 0.708 |
 Atrial Fibrillation (%) | 163 (1.4) | 92 (1.6) | 71 (1.2) | 0.091 |
 CHF (%) | 839 (7.1) | 357 (6.1) | 482 (8.2) | < 0.001 |
 PAD (%) | 439 (3.7) | 192 (3.3) | 247 (4.2) | 0.008 |
 Asthma (%) | 624 (5.3) | 298 (5.1) | 326 (5.5) | 0.277 |
 COPD (%) | 1631 (13.9) | 784 (13.4) | 847 (14.4) | 0.116 |
 Major Depressive Disorder (%) | 129 (1.1) | 70 (1.2) | 59 (1) | 0.315 |
 Parkinson’s Disease (%) | 94 (0.8) | 42 (0.7) | 52 (0.9) | 0.312 |
 Rheumatoid Arthritis (%) | 114 (1) | 50 (0.9) | 64 (1.1) | 0.197 |
 Insomnia (%) | 1012 (8.6) | 500 (8.5) | 512 (8.7) | 0.756 |
 Hyperthyroidism (%) | 102 (0.9) | 53 (0.9) | 49 (0.8) | 0.671 |
 Hypothyroidism (%) | 91 (0.8) | 54 (0.9) | 37 (0.6) | 0.069 |
 Gout (%) | 2019 (17.2) | 1164 (1.9) | 855 (14.5) | < 0.001 |
Drugs | Â | Â | Â | Â |
 BZDs (%) | 2473 (21) | 1233 (21) | 1240 (21) | 0.987 |
 Anticoagulants (%) | 5060 (43) | 2465 (42) | 2595 (44) | 0.029 |
 NSAIDs (%) | 4506 (38.3) | 2220 (37.9) | 2286 (38.8) | 0.301 |
 Acetaminophen (%) | 4189 (35.6) | 1997 (34.1) | 2192 (37.2) | < 0.001 |
 Statin (%) | 4655 (39.6) | 2100 (35.8) | 2555 (43.4) | < 0.001 |
 CCB (%) | 6483 (55.1) | 3143 (53.6) | 3340 (56.7) | < 0.001 |
 ACEIs (%) | 3463 (29.5) | 1662 (28.3) | 1801 (30.6) | 0.008 |
 ARBs (%) | 5340 (45.4) | 2465 (42.0) | 2875 (48.8) | < 0.001 |
 Metformin (%) | 7166 (61) | 3411 (58.2) | 3755 (63.7) | < 0.001 |
 Beta-Blocker (%) | 4106 (34.9) | 1997 (34.1) | 2109 (35.8) | 0.049 |
 Diuretics (%) | 4269 (36.3) | 1873 (31.9) | 2396 (40.7) | < 0.001 |