Table 1 Baseline characteristics of UK Biobank participants with and without ESKD
Variable name | ESKD (n = 1191) | Non-ESKD (n = 501,217) | P value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) mean (SD) | 58.97 (7.62) | 57.04 (8.17) | < 0.001 | |
Sex – Male (%) | 753 (63.2) | 228,329 (45.6) | < 0.001 | |
UAC (mg/L) [median (IQR)] | 86.20 (18.40, 446.20) | 11.50 (8.40, 19.40) | < 0.001 | |
Cholesterol (mmol/L) [mean (SD)] | Total cholesterol | 4.99 (1.23) | 5.69 (1.14) | < 0.001 |
HDL | 1.28 (0.40) | 1.45 (0.38) | < 0.001 | |
LDL | 3.05 (0.88) | 3.56 (0.87) | < 0.001 | |
Triglyceride | 0.65 (0.34) | 0.69 (0.30) | < 0.001 | |
Creatinine (micromole/L) [(mean (SD)] | 193.09 (189.78) | 72.03 (15.06) | < 0.001 | |
HbA1c (mmol/mol) [mean (SD)] | 41.42 (13.94) | 36.12 (6.75) | < 0.001 | |
BMI (kg/m2) [mean (SD)] | 28.73 (5.82) | 27.43 (4.80) | < 0.001 | |
Ethnicity n (%) | White | 1044 (87.65) | 471,565 (93.86) | < 0.001 |
Black | 50 (4.20) | 8,008 (1.59) | < 0.001 | |
Asian | 53(4.45) | 11,399 (2.27) | < 0.001 | |
Mixed | 4 (0.33) | 2,950 (0.59) | < 0.001 | |
Other | 38 (3.19) | 6,397 (1.27) | < 0.001 | |
Deprivation quintiles (%) | Least deprived | 168 (14.1) | 101,160 (20.2) | < 0.001 |
Less deprived | 194 (16.3) | 100,402 (20.1) | < 0.001 | |
Moderately deprived | 200 (16.8) | 98,968 (19.9) | < 0.001 | |
More deprived | 260 (21.9) | 100,238 (20.0) | < 0.001 | |
Most deprived | 367 (30.9) | 99,826 (19.9) | < 0.001 | |
SBP (mm of Hg) [mean (SD) | 143.69 (21.83) | 139.73 (19.69) | < 0.001 | |
DBP (mm of Hg) [mean (SD) | 81.10 (11.48) | 82.21 (10.70) | 0.001 | |
Glycaemic status (HbA1c-based) [n (%)] | Normoglycaemia | 785 (73.9) | 426,721 (91.7) | < 0.001 |
Prediabetes | 92 (8.7) | 21,208 (4.6) | < 0.001 | |
Diabetes | 185 (17.4) | 17,271 (3.7) | < 0.001 | |
BMI Status [n (%)] | Underweight | 41 (3.5) | 11,663 (2.3) | < 0.001 |
Normal weight | 259 (22.3) | 153,313 (30.8) | < 0.001 | |
Overweight | 462 (39.7) | 211,252 (42.4) | < 0.001 | |
Obese | 401 (34.5) | 121,911 (24.5) | < 0.001 | |
Smoking status [n (%)] | Wish not to disclose | 7 (0.6) | 2050 (0.4) | < 0.001 |
Non-smoker | 567 (47.7) | 272,906 (54.5) | < 0.001 | |
Ex-smoker | 488 (41.0) | 172,535 (34.5) | < 0.001 | |
Current smoker | 127 (10.7) | 52,835 (10.6) | < 0.001 | |
Waist circumference (cm) [mean (SD)] | 97.17 (15.55) | 90.30 (13.48) | < 0.001 | |
Age diabetes diagnosed (year) [median (IQR)] | 46 (35, 55) | 54 (45, 60) | < 0.001 | |
Age hypertension diagnosed (year) [median (IQR)] | 42 (32, 52) | 50 (41, 58) | < 0.001 | |
Diabetes duration (years) [mean (SD)] | 17.16 (14.49) | 10.63 (13.53) | < 0.001 | |
Hypertension duration (years) [mean (SD)] | 19.28 (16.82) | 14.42 (17.60) | < 0.001 | |
Cardiovascular disease [n(%)] | None | 260 (21.9) | 350,630 (70.1) | < 0.001 |
Hypertension | 697 (58.6) | 119,442 (23.9) | < 0.001 | |
Angina | 78 (6.6) | 11,254 (2.2) | < 0.001 | |
Stroke | 48 (4.0) | 6170 (1.2) | < 0.001 | |
Heart attack | 100 (8.4) | 11,505 (2.3) | < 0.001 | |