Table 7 Treatment pattern, frequency and findings of kidney biopsy and outcomes of children with PIGN and PSGN
From: A narrative review of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in Nepali children
Studies with ref | Study population/ Number(N) | Medications | Immunosuppressants | KRT: HD/PD | Kidney biopsy-Indications | Kidney biopsy (frequency/ biopsy findings) | Duration of hospital stay | Mortality | Outcomes |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Malla et al. [3] | AGN N = 92 | Antibiotics: NA Diuretics: NA Anti-HTN: NA | NA | HD: 5 (5.4%) | RPGN course | 3 (5%) • CresGN = 3 | NA | 2 (2.1%) | Persistent AKI (15.2%) on follow up |
Shah GS et al. [4] | AGN N = 94 | Antibiotics: NA Diuretics: NA Anti-HTN: NA | NA | None | NA | NA | NA | 2 (2%) | *Complete recovery (98%) |
Poudel et al. [35] | PIGN N = 30 | Antibiotics: NA Diuretics: 97% Anti-HTN: 77% Both diuretics and anti-HTN: 77% | Steroid: 3 (10%) | HD: 1 (3%) | RPGN course | 3 (10%) • CresGN = 3 | Mean (SD) 7.86 + 3.84 days (range: 3–15 days) | None | NA |
Shah et al. [27] | PIGN N = 41 | Antibiotics: NA Diuretics: 24% Anti-HTN: 3% Both diuretics and anti-HTN: 73% | NA | HD: 1 (2.4%) | Not documented | 2 (5%) • DPGN = 1 • Lupus = 1 | Mean: 7.5 days (range: 2–38 days) | None | NA |
Yadav et al. [36] | APSGN N = 74 | Antibiotics: NA Diuretics: NA Anti-HTN: NA | NA | None | No biopsy | NA | Mean (SD) 3.38 days (+/- 0.753 days) | None | *Complete recovery (100%) |
Adhikari et al. [26] | AGN N = 48 | Antibiotics: NA Diuretics: NA Anti-HTN: NA | NA | None | No biopsy | NA | NA | None | *Complete recovery (100%) |
Dhakal et al. [28] | APSGN N = 77 | Antibiotics: NA Diuretics: NA Anti-HTN: NA | Steroid: 9 (11.5%) | HD: 1 (1.3%) | NS: 1 RPGN: 1 PGH: 1 RPGN + NRP: 4 Persistent NRP: 4 PGH + NRP + HTN: 1 | 12 (15.6%) • DPGN = 7 • MCPG = 3 • Increase mesangial cellularity = 2 | NA | None | At 3 months, 6.5% of patients had persistent hypertension, AKI, and proteinuria in isolation or combination |
Kalakheti et al. [23] | PIGN N = 46 | Antibiotics: NA Diuretics: NA Anti-HTN: NA | Cyclophosphamide: 1 (2.2%) | None | RPGN course | 1 (2.2%) • CresGN | NA | None | *Complete recovery (85%) 8 weeks: haematuria (10.9%), proteinuria (8.3%), AKI (4.4%) |
Shrestha et al. [24] | PIGN (N = 63) | Antibiotics: NA Diuretics: NA Anti-HTN: NA | NA | None | NRP and positive ANA | 1 (1.5%) • DPGN | NA | None | *Complete recovery (100%) |