Table 4 Clinical features and complications of APSGN and PIGN at presentation
From: A narrative review of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in Nepali children
Studies with references | Malla et al. [3] | Shah GS et al. [4] | Poudel et al. [35] | Shah et al. [27] | Yadav et al. [36] | Adhikari et al. [26] | Dhakal et al. [28] | Kalakheti et al. [23] | Shrestha et al. [24] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Number of cases (n) | 92 | 94 | 30 | 41 | 74 | 48 | 77 | 46 | 63 |
Classical manifestations | |||||||||
Oedema (%) | 100 | 85.1 | 100 | 100 | 59.5 | 81.3 | 93.5 | 100 | 71.4 |
HTN (%) | 86.9 | 86.2 | 93.3 | 100 | 100 | 72.9 | 87.0 | 89.2 | 65 |
Gross haematuria (%) | 100 | 41.5 | 46.6 | 46.3 | 94.6 | 25 | 67.5 | 58.7 | 57.1 |
Oliguria (%) | 54.3 | 22.3 | 56.6 | 51.2 | 14.9 | 6.3 | 54.5 | 63 | 19 |
Complications | Â | ||||||||
AKI/elevated creatinine (%) | 41$ | 43.6 | 50 | 31.7 | 4.1 | 6.3 | 58.4 | 41.3 | 3.1 |
RPGN (%) | 5.4$ | NA | 10 | NA | NA | NA | 6.5 | 2.2 | 1.5 |
Hypertensive Emergency (%) | 11.9$ | 9.5 | 3 | 9.7 | 6.8 | 6.3 | 11.7 | 6.5 | 7.9 |
CCF (%) | 10.8$ | 9.5 | 17 | 17 | 12.2 | 2.1 | 23.4 | 17.4 | 11.1 |
Miscellaneous | Â | ||||||||
Fever (%) | 65.2 | 63.8 | 36.7 | 80.4 | NA | 25 | 14.3 | 21.7 | 39.6 |
Pain abdomen (%) | 33.6 | 21.3 | NA | 4.2 | 16.9 | 2.2 | 44.4 | ||
Epistaxis (%) | 2.1 | NA | NA | NA | 1.3 | NA | NA | ||
Shortness of breath (%) | 19.5 | 11.7 | 12.2 | 29.2 | 25.9 | 47.9 | 14.2 | ||
Seizures (%) | 22.8 | NA | 6.8 | 2.1 | 1.3 | 4.3 | 7.9 | ||
Headache (%) | 63 | NA | 36.6 | 19.5 | 13.5 | 2.1 | 2.6 | 23.9 | 6.3 |
Altered sensorium (%) | 22.8 | 10.6 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 2.2 | NA |
Vomiting (%) | 35.8 | NA | NA | NA | 13.5 | NA | 24.7 | 17.4 | NA |
Palpitations (%) | NA | NA | NA | NA | 12.2 | NA | NA | 23.9 | NA |
Cough (%) | 15.2 | NA | NA | NA | NA | 22.9 | 5.1 | 2.2 | 41.2 |
Joint pain (%) | 2.1 | 10.6 | NA | NA | NA | NA | Nil | NA | 1.5 |
Rashes (%)* | 2.1 | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | 1.3 | NA | 6.3 |