Table 1 Spectrum of kidney problems in Nepali children
From: A narrative review of acute post-streptococcal glomerulonephritis in Nepali children
Diseases | Bhatta et al. [1] | Malla et al. [21] | Adhikari et al. [46] | Yadav et al. [2] | Adhikari et al. [47] | Joshi et al. [11] | Kansakar et al. [16] | Agrawal et al. [22] | Gautam et al. [12] |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Study year | 2002–2007 | 2000–2007 | 2014 (6 months) | 2012–2013 | 2015–2016 | 2017 | 2008–2018 | 2014–2015 | 2022–2023 |
Population | 651 | 228 | 48 | 206 | 115 | 607 | 352 | 120 | 63 |
Glomerular disease | AGN: 46.5% -PIGN: 28.7% -HSP: 4% -LN: 3.7% NS (34.1%) -MCD: 32% -MesPGN:1.2% -FSGS: 0.6% -MPGN: 0.3% | AGN: 30.7% NS: 17.5% | NS: 37.5% APSGN: 25% | AGN: 45.6% IgAN: 0.4% NS: 31.5% | APSGN: 17.3% | AGN: 28.3% NS: 36.4% | AGN: 32.7% -APSGN: 31% -LN: 1.1% -MesPGN: 0.3% - HSP nephritis: 0.3% NS: 23.6% | AGN: 40% IgAN: 0.8% NS: 26.6% | AGN: 15.8% NS: 6.3% |
AKI/CKD/HUS | AKI: 3.9% CKD: 4.2% HUS: 10.1% | AKI: 2.2% | NA | AKI: 17.9% CKD: 1.4% HUS: 0.4% | NA | NA | AKI: 0.3% HUS: 0.3% | AKI: 25% CKD: 1.6% HUS: 1.6% | AKI: 6.3% CKD: 1.5% |
CAKUT | CAKUT: 7.8% -PUV: 3.4% -VUR: 2.3% -Prune belly syndrome: 0.9% | CAKUT: 6.1% | NA | Obstructive uropathy: 1.9% | NA | NA | CAKUT: 39% -VUR: 28.7% -Hydronephrosis: 4.5% -Renal agenesis: 1.4% -Other: 4.4% | Obstructive uropathy: 1.6% | CAKUT: 3.1% |
UTI | 3.5% | 39.5% | 37.5% | 21.3% | 37.3% | 24.8% | 1.1% | NA | 63.4% |
Nephrolithiasis | NA | 2.6% | NA | 0.4% | NA | NA | 1.1% | 1.6% | NA |
Miscellaneous | Polycystic kidney disease: 0.6% Wilm’s tumour:0.6% | Unexplained recurrent haematuria: 1.3% | NA | Polycystic kidney disease: 0.4% | Others (unspecified): 45% | Others(unspecified): 10.4% | Renal tubular acidosis: 1.1% Nocturnal enuresis: 0.6% Voiding dysfunction: 0.3% | Polycystic Kidney disease: 0.8% | Haemorrhagic cystitis: 3.1% Bladder problem: 1.5% |