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Table 3 Summary of the agreement between the albumin to creatinine ratio (ACR) and protein to creatinine ratio (PCR) determined by test strip analysis as compared to the quantitative lab test in the validation cohort

From: Optimization of screening strategy for chronic kidney disease by urine test strips using the albumin-creatinine read-out

 

QUANTITATIVE ACR

  

QUANTITATIVE ACR

  

QUANTITATIVE ACR

SEMI-QUANTITATIVE ACR

Categories (mg albumin/g creatinine)

 

SEMI-QUANTITATIVE PCR

Categories (mg albumin/g creatinine)

 

Qualitative Protein Concentration

Categories (mg albumin/g creatinine)

Categories (mg albumin/g creatinine)

< 30

≥ 30

Total

 

Categories (mg protein/g creatinine)

< 30

≥ 30

Total

 

Categories (mg protein/g creatinine)

< 30

≥ 30

Total

< 30

696

17

713

 

< 150

709

51

760

 

Negative

576

36

612

≥ 30

60

152

212

 

≥ 150

47

118

165

 

Positive

181

132

313

Total

756

169

925

 

Total

756

169

925

 

Total

756

169

925

Agreement

91.7%

 

Agreement

89.4%

 

Agreement

76.5%

Cohen’s kappa (Weighted)

0.746

 

Cohen’s kappa (Weighted)

0.642

 

Cohen’s kappa (Weighted)

0.409

Sensitivity

89.9% (95%CI: 84.4–94.0%)

 

Sensitivity

69.8% (95%CI: 62.3–76.6%)

 

Sensitivity

78.6% (95%CI: 71.6 − 84.5%

Specificity

92.1% (95%CI: 89.9–93.9%)

 

Specificity

93.8% (95%CI: 91.8–95.4%)

 

Specificity

76.1% (95%CI: 72.9 − 79.1%)

PPV

71.7% (95%CI: 66.4–76.5%)

 

PPV

71.5% (95%CI: 65.2–77.1%)

 

PPV

42.2% (95%CI: 36.6 − 47.9%)

NPV

97.6% (95%CI: 96.3–98.5)

 

NPV

93.3% (95%CI: 91.7–94.6%)

 

NPV

94.1% (9%CI: 92.0 − 95.9%)

LR+

11.3 (95%CI: 8.8–14.5)

 

LR+

11.2 (95%CI: 8.4–15.1)

 

LR+

3.3 (95%CI: 2.8–3.8)

LR-

0.11 (95%CI: 0.07–0.17)

 

LR-

0.32 (95%CI: 0.26–0.41)

 

LR-

0.28 (95%CI: 0.21–0.38)

Predictive probability

0.933 (95% CI: 0.905–0.960)

 

Predictive probability

0.830 (95%CI: 0.787–0.873)

 

Predictive probability

 0.774 (95%CI: 0.735–0.814)

  1. Abbreviations: ACR: albumin-to-creatinine ratio; PPV: positive predictive value; NPV: negative predictive value; LR+: positive likelihood ratio; LR-: negative likelihood ratio; PCR: protein-to-creatinine- ratio