Table 1 Summary characteristics of the included studies
Author, year | Country | Study Design | Etioology | Neonates/Infants & Children | Admission sites | Aki Criteria | AKI (n) | Mortality (Overall) | Mortality Assessment |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Adegboyega, 2022 [109] | USA | Retrospective | LBW | Only neonate | NICU | KDIGO | 116 | 21 | In-hospital |
Ahn, 2024 [108] | USA | Retrospective | Hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy | Only neonate | NICU | KDIGO | 64 | 10 | In-hospital |
Akcan-Arikan, 2007 [107] | USA | Prospective | Mixed | Non-neonate | PICU | pRIFLE | 123 | 18 | In-hospital |
Al Gharabieh, 2023 [106] | USA | retrospective | Sepsis | Only neonate | NICU | KDIGO | 16 | 7 | In-hospital |
Algadeeb, 2021 [104] | Saudi Arabia | Retrospective | Mixed | Only neonate | NICU | KDIGO | 396 | 122 | In-hospital |
Al-Mouqdad, 2021 [105] | Saudi Arabia | Retrospective | LBW | Only neonate | NICU | KDIGO | 268 | 79 | In-hospital |
Alobaidi, 2019 [103] | Canada | Retrospective | Mixed | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 308 | 21 | In-hospital |
Alvarez-Hernandez, 2015 [102] | Mexico | Retrospective | Infection | Neonate and non-neonate | PICU, NICU and ward | NR | 14 | 7 | In-hospital |
Arruda Moraes, 2023 [15] | Brazil | Retrospective | LBW | Only neonate | NICU | KDIGO | 61 | 22 | In-hospital |
Bakkaloglu, 2024 [101] | Turkey | Retrospective | Crush-AKI | Neonate and non-neonate | Mix | oligo/anuria or serum creatinine level > 2 times the upper limit of age- and sex-referenced normal levels | 314 | 20 | In-hospital |
Basu, 2021 [100] | multinational | Prospective | Sepsis/Infectious | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 307 | 37 | In-hospital |
Bauer, 2023 [99] | USA | Retrospective | Hematopoietic cell transplantation | Non-neonate | PICU and ward | KDIGO | 186 | 47 | In-hospital |
Bezerra, 2013 [91] | Brazil | Retrospective | Infectious | Only neonate | NICU | pRIFLE | 51 | 19 | In-hospital |
Bradshaw, 2019 [98] | USA | Retrospective | Diarrheal illness | Neonate and non-neonate | PICU, NICU and ward | ICD-9-CM | 616 | 4 | in-hospital |
Chen, 2023 [97] | Taiwan | Retrospective | Prematurity | Only neonate | NICU | mKDIGO | 204 | 55 | In-hospital |
Coggins, 2021 [96] | USA | Retrospective | Sepsis | Only neonate | NICU | mKDIGO | 56 | 17 | In-hospital |
Conroy, 2019 [95] | Uganda | Prospective | Malaria | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 168 | 20 | In-hospital and Post-discharge |
Conroy, 2022 [94] | Uganda | retrospective | Blackwater fever + Malaria | Non-neonate | PICU and ward | KDIGO | 495 | 20 | In-hospital |
Cui, 2022 [93] | China | Retrospective | Non-Cardiac surgery | Only neonate | NICU | KDIGO | 28 | 9 | In-hospital |
Dang, 2022 [92] | China | Retrospective | Mixed | Non-neonate | PICU and ward | KDIGO | 419 | 30 | In-hospital |
Deep, 2018 [90] | UK | Prospective | Septic shock | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 31 | 9 | In-hospital |
Demiroz, 2024 [89] | Turkey | Retrospective | Liver transplant | Non-neonate | PICU and ward | KDIGO | 60 | 27 | In-hospital |
Dos Santos El Halal, 2013 [88] | Brazil | Prospective | Cardiac surgery | Non-neonate | PICU | pRIFLE | 38 | 7 | In-hospital |
Downes, 2017 [87] | USA | Retrospective | Antibiotic associated AKI | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 157 | 7 | In-hospital |
Elgendy,2023 [85] | USA | retrospective | Diaphragmatic hernia | Only neonate | NICU | ICD9,10 | 445 | 239 | In-hospital |
Elgendy, 2021 [84] | USA | Retrospective | LBW | Only neonate | NICU | NR | 19,603 | 6872 | In-hospital |
Elgendy, 2024 [86] | USA | retrospective | Hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy | Only neonate | NICU | ICD9,10 | 2719 | 786 | In-hospital |
Esmaeili, 2024 [83] | IRAN | Retrospective | Cardiac surgery | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 58 | 16 | In-hospital |
Fitzgerald, 2016 [82] | multinational | Prospective | Sepsis/Infectious | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 102 | 53 | In-hospital |
Fleming, 2016 [81] | milticenter | Retrospective | ECMO | Neonate and non-neonate | PICU and NICU | KDIGO | 615 | 311 | In-hospital |
Gil-Ruiz, 2014 [80] | Spain | Retrospective | Cardiac surgery | Non-neonate | PICU | pRIFLE | 107 | 16 | In-hospital |
Hasson, 2024 [79] | USA | retrospective | Cardiac surgery | Only neonate | NICU | mKDIGO | 205 | 18 | In-hospital |
Hessey, 2018 [78] | Canada | Retrospective | Non-Cardiac surgery | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 355 | 34 | Post-discharge |
Hingorani, 2021 [77] | USA | Prospective | LBW | Only neonate | NICU | KDIGO | 350 | 45 | In-hospital |
Hirabayashi, 2022 [76] | Japan | retrospective | Prematurity | Only neonate | NICU | nRIFLE | 47 | 12 | In-hospital |
Hui, 2013 [75] | Hong Kong | Retrospective | Mixed | Non-neonate | PICU | pRIFLE | 71 | 16 | In-hospital |
Iamwat, 2021 [74] | Thailand | Retrospective | ECMO | Neonate and non-neonate | PICU and NICU | KDIGO | 10 | 7 | In-hospital |
Ibrahim, 2023 [73] | Nigeria | Retrospective | Malaria | Non-neonate | Mix | KDIGO | 237 | 19 | In-hospital |
Imani, 2013 [72] | Uganda | Prospective | Infectious | Non-neonate | PICU | pRIFLE | 272 | 68 | In-hospital |
Jetton, 2017 [71] | multinational | Retrospective | Mixed | Only neonate | NICU | KDIGO | 605 | 59 | In-hospital |
Kaddourah, 2017 [70] | Asia, AU, EU, NA | Prospective | Mixed | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 1261 | 82 | In-hospital |
Kari, 2017 [14] | Saudi Arabia | Prospective | Mixed | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 511 | 99 | In-hospital |
Kasililika, 2020 [69] | Tanzania | Prospective | Mixed | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 53 | 19 | In-hospital |
Khatana, 2023 [68] | USA | retrospective | Severe Sepsis | Non-neonate | not specified | ICD | 45,463 | 9005 | In-hospital |
Kriplani, 2016 [67] | USA | Retrospective | Mixed | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 28 | 8 | In-hospital |
Kuai, 2022 [17] | China | Prospective | Mixed | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 22 | 14 | In-hospital |
Kuai, 2022 [66] | China | Prospective | Mixed | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 247 | 47 | In-hospital |
Kumar Sethi, 2024 [65] | multinational | prospective | Continuous kidney replacement therapy | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 308 | 99 | In-hospital |
Lazarovits, 2023 [64] | Israel | retrospective | Prematurity | Only neonate | NICU | NIDDK | 32 | 13 | In-hospital |
Leow, 2022 [63] | Singapore | Retrospective | Acute respiratory distress syndrome | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 64 | 41 | In-hospital |
Lobasso, 2021 [62] | USA | retrospective | Cardiac surgery | Neonate and non-neonate | PICU/NICU | KDIGO | 701 | 80 | In-hospital |
Lu, 2022 [61] | China | retrospective | Cardiac surgery | Only neonate | CICU, NICU | KDIGO | 131 | 38 | In-hospital |
Medar, 2015 [60] | USA | Retrospective | Heart failure | Non-neonate | Not specified | pRIFLE | 44 | 4 | In-hospital |
Mengqi, 2020 [59] | China | Retrospective | Malignancy | Non-neonate | Not specified | KDIGO | 1657 | 90 | in-hospital |
Moffett, 2022 [58] | USA | Retrospective | Mixed | Non-neonate | Not specified | KDIGO | 10,246 | 590 | In-hospital |
Mohamed, 2023 [57] | USA | retrospective | Non-Cardiac surgery | Only neonate | NICU | ICD-9 and 10 | 2625 | 431 | In-hospital |
Morgan, 2013 [56] | Canada | Prospective | Cardiac surgery | Only neonate | NICU | AKIN | 163 | 10 | Post-discharge |
Murdeshwar, 2023 [55] | India | ambispective | Mixed | Non-neonate | PICU/Ward | ADQI | 200 | 37 | In-hospital |
Nakwan, 2016 [54] | Thailand | Retrospective | Pulmonary hypertension | Only neonate | NICU | A serum creatinine level of 41.5 mg/dL on two separate occasions at least 12 h apart, while maternal kidney function was normal | 31 | 22 | In-hospital |
Namazzi, 2022 [53] | Uganda | Prospective | Malaria | Non-neonate | Not specified | KDIGO | 271 | 37 | In-hospital and Post-discharge |
Özçakar, 2009 [52] | Turkey | Retrospective | Mixed | Non-neonate | Not specified | AKIN | 100 | 33 | In-hospital |
Patel, 2023 [51] | USA | retrospective | Mixed | Neonate and non-neonate | PICU/NICU/ward | KDIGO | 528 | 138 | In-hospital |
Pedersen, 2008 [50] | Denmark | Retrospective | Cardiac surgery | Neonate and non-neonate | PICU and NICU | need for dialysis after surgery | 130 | 26 | In-hospital |
Pillon, 2019 [49] | Italy | Retrospective | Malignancy | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 17 | 12 | In-hospital |
Piyaphanee, 2020 [48] | Thailand | Retrospective | Mixed | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 169 | 53 | in-hospital |
Plumb, 2023 [47] | UK | retrospective | Mixed | Only neonate | NM | KDIGO | 712 | 59 | In-hospital |
Plumb, 2023 [47] | UK | retrospective | Mixed | Non-neonate | NM | KDIGO | 4900 | 150 | In-hospital |
Prodhan, 2012 [46] | USA | Retrospective | Trauma | Non-neonate | PICU | pRIFLE | 52 | 10 | In-hospital |
Raina, 2022 [45] | USA | retrospective | Covid/infectious | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 274 | 21 | In-hospital |
Raina, 2023 [44] | USA | retrospective | Mixed | Neonate and non-neonate | NM | ICD-10 | 2424 | 11 | In-hospital |
Robinson, 2021 [43] | Canada | Retrospective | Mixed | Neonate and non-neonate | Not specified | ICD-9 and 10 | 1688 | 113 | Post-discharge |
Rozmiarek, 2004 [42] | USA | Retrospective | Diaphragmatic hernia | Only neonate | NICU | NR | 14 | 10 | In-hospital |
Sainathan, 2022 [41] | USA | Retrospective | LBW | Non-neonate | Not specified | ICD-10 | 98 | 8 | In-hospital |
Sainathan, 2022 [41] | USA | Retrospective | Fontan Operation | Non-neonate | PICU and ward | NR | 97 | 8 | In-hospital |
Sanchez-Pinto, 2015 [40] | USA | Retrospective | Mixed | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 974 | 246 | in-hospital |
Schneider, 2010 [39] | USA | Retrospective | Mixed | Non-neonate | PICU | pRIFLE | 339 | 104 | In-hospital |
Schueller, 2017 [38] | USA | Retrospective | ECMO | Only neonate | NICU | KDIGO | 15 | 7 | In-hospital |
Selewski, 2014 [37] | USA | Retrospective | Mixed | Non-neonate | PICU and CICU | KDIGO | 737 | 83 | In-hospital |
Selewski, 2023 [36] | multinational | prospective | mixed | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 1258 | 78 | In-hospital |
Shalaby, 2018 [35] | Saudi Arabia | Prospective | Mixed | Only neonate | NICU | nKDIGO | 120 | 34 | In-hospital |
Sharma, 2022 [34] | India | Retrospective | Covid/infectious | Non-neonate | Not specified | NR | 12 | 9 | In-hospital |
Singh, 2022 [33] | India | Prospective | Mixed | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 44 | 14 | In-hospital |
Slagle, 2021 [32] | USA | Prospective | Non-Cardiac surgery | Only neonate | NICU | mKDIGO | 33 | 8 | In-hospital |
Smith, 2009 [31] | USA | Retrospective | ECMO | Neonate and non-neonate | PICU and NICU | pRIFLE | 32 | 23 | In-hospital |
Srinivasan, 2018 [30] | USA | Retrospective | LBW | Only neonate | NICU | mAKIN | 89 | 25 | In-hospital |
Stanski, 2023 [29] | USA | Prospective | Mixed | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 77 | 14 | In-hospital |
Starr, 2020 [28] | USA | Prospective | septic shock | Non-neonate | PICU | KDIGO | 176 | 27 | In-hospital |
Stojanović, 2017 [27] | Serbia | Retrospective | LBW | Only neonate | NICU | mAKIN | 57 | 35 | In-hospital |
Umapathi, 2020 [26] | USA | Retrospective | Drowning | Non-neonate | PICU and ward | NR | 752 | 403 | In-hospital |
Üstün, 2021 [25] | Turkey | Retrospective | LBW | Only neonate | NICU | KDIGO | 102 | 34 | In-hospital |
Varadarajan, 2022 [24] | India | Prospective | Multisystem Inflammatory syndrome | Non-neonate | PICU and ward | KDIGO | 34 | 22 | In-hospital |
Vincent, 2023 [23] | USA | Retrospective | Mixed | Only neonate | NICU | KDIGO | 100 | 14 | In-hospital |
Wang, 2022 [22] | China | Retrospective | Metabolic Acidosis | Non-neonate | PICU and SICU (Surgical ICU) | pROCK | 181 | 22 | In-hospital |
Wei, 2021 [21] | China | Retrospective | Mixed | Non-neonate | PICU | pROCK | 257 | 32 | In-hospital |
Wingert, 2021 [20] | USA | Retrospective | Non-Cardiac surgery | Neonate and non-neonate | PICU, NICU and ward | KDIGO | 288 | 23 | in-hospital |
Xu, 2018 [18] | China | Retrospective | Mixed | Non-neonate | PICU and ward | KDIGO | 19,908 | 842 | In-hospital |
Xu, 2023 [19] | China | Retrospective | Mixed | Only neonate | NICU | Cys-C based criteria | 6336 | 96 | In-hospital |
Zwiers, 2013 [16] | Netherlands | Prospective | ECMO | Only neonate | NICU | RIFLE | 153 | 43 | In-hospital |