Table 4 Efficacy of mesenchymal stem cells in clinical outcomes
Trials | Renal function | Immune function & others | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
LN | ||||
Sun et al., 2010 [23] | PRO: declined 58% at 3 mo (1.3 ± 0.9 vs 3.1 ± 1.2 g at BV) SCr: improved 43% at 3 mo (2.3 ± 1.1 vs 4.0 ± 2.2 mg/dl at BV) BUN: 6 (40%) patients improved at 3 mo | Tregs,C3,TGF-β ↑ IL-4 ↓ IFN-γ,IL-10 ↑↓ALB ↑ | ||
Liang et al., 2010 [24] | PRO: declined 64% at 1 yr (0.9 ± 0.8 vs 2.5 ± 1.3 g at BV) SCr: 4 (27%) patients improved within 3 mo GFR: 2 (13%) patients improved at 18 mo (45.5 vs 32.5 ml/min at BV) and 6 mo (49 vs 24 ml/min at BV), respectively | Tregs ↑ | ||
El-Ansary et al., 2012 [25] | SCr: a lower decrease at 6 mo (0.9 ± 0.3 vs 1.5 ± 0.5 mg/dl in controls) GFR: improved 41% at 6 mo (72.3 ± 25.1 vs 43.0 ± 17.6 ml/min in controls) | Hb ↑↓ | ||
Wang et al., 2013 [26] | PRO: declined 44% decline at 6 mo (1.5 ± 1.0 vs 2.7 ± 1.2 g at BV) SCr: declined 13% decline at 1 yr (2.0 [0.3] vs 2.3 [0.2] mg/dl at BV) BUN: declined 36% decline at 1 yr (11.7 [0.9] vs 18.3 [1.7] mmol/l at BV) GFR: improved 23% at 1 yr (63.4 ± 26.2 vs 51.5 ± 21.5 ml/min at BV) | C3 ↑ ALB, PLT, Hb ↑ | ||
Wang et al., 2014 [27] | PRO: declined 36% decline at 1 yr (1.4 ± 1.3 vs 2.2 ± 1.4 g at BV) SCr: a significant decline at 6 mo BUN: a significant decline at 6 and 9 mo | C3 ↑ ALB ↑ | ||
Gu et al., 2014 [28] | PRO: declined 44% at 1 yr (1.5 ± 1.0 vs 2.7 ± 1.2 g at BV) SCr: declined 18% at 1 yr (1.8 ± 1.1 vs 2.2 ± 1.1 mg/dl at BV) BUN: declined 36% at 1 yr (11.7 ± 4.7 vs 18.3 ± 9.5 mmol/l at BV) GFR: improved 19% at 1 yr (69.5 ± 27.9 vs 58.6 ± 19.2 ml/min at BV) | ALB ↑ | ||
Deng et al., 2017 [30] | PRO, SCr and GFR: no significant change in both arms during 6 mo | C3, C4 ↑↓ ALB ↑↓ | ||
Barbado et al., 2018 [33] | PRO: all patients substantially improved at 1 w SCr: 2 (67%) patients improved and another one kept at 9 mo GFR: 1 (33%) patient improved at 3 m and the other 2 (67%) kept at 9 mo | Tregs, C4 ↑↓ | ||
Yuan et al., 2019 [35] | PRO: improved 68% at 6 mo (2.1 ± 3.4 vs 6.6 ± 4.1 g at BV) SCr and BUN: no significant change during 6 mo | DCs,FLT3L ↑ TNF-α ↓ IL-10 ↑↓ | ||
Ranjbar et al., 2022 [36] | PRO: most substantially improved at 1mo (1.0 [0.3 to 2.5] vs 1.8 [1.0 to 5.3] g at BV) GFR: improved 46% at 3 mo (86.9 [50.2 to 107.4] vs 59.4 [38.3 to 83.0] ml/min/1.73m2 at BV) | C3, C4 ↑↓ | ||
DN | ||||
Packham et al., 2016 [29] | PRO and GFR: no significant change during 6 mo | IL-6 ↓ TNF-α,TGF-β↑↓ HbA1c ↑↓ | ||
Perico et al., 2023 [38] | GFR: improved significantly at 12 and 18 mo (35.0 ± 8.9 vs 23.2 ± 4.3 ml/min/1.73m2 in placebo) PRO: no significant change during 18 mo (1.0 [0.4 to 1.3] vs 0.7 [0.3 to 3.2] g in placebo) | Tregs ↑ NKT cells↓ T cells ↑↓ HbA1c ↑↓ | ||
IN | ||||
Saad et al., 2017 [31] | SCr: a transient increase in 1 w GFR: a significant improvement at 3 mo | VEGF ↓ Cortical Perfusion, RBF ↑ Hypoxia ↓ | ||
CKDu | ||||
Carstens et al., 2023 [40] | GFR: a 25% improvement for stage 3a, 11% for 3b, −29% for 4 and −46% for 5 at 36 mo | Renal Volume ↑ RRI ↓ | ||
ADPKD | ||||
Makhlough et al., 2017 [32] | SCr and GFR: no significant change at 12 mo | Kidney Size↑↓ | ||
NS | ||||
Vivarelli et al., 2023 [39] | SCr, BUN, PRO and GFR: no significant change at 12 mo | B cells↓ Treg cells ↑ IgG,IgA,IgM,IL-10 ↑↓ | ||
Muti-etiology | ||||
Makhlough et al., 2018 [34] | SCr, BUN, PRO and GFR: no significant change | ALB ↑↓ | ||