Table 3 Risk factors of MN progression following COVID-19 infections

Baseline characters

Age (increased by 1 year)

1.000 (0.986, 1.013)

0.960

1.003 (0.989, 1.016)

0.715

Gender (male)

1.320 (0.877, 1.988)

0.184

1.237 (0.815, 1.876)

0.317

COVID-19 vaccination (yes)

1.051 (0.710, 1.555)

0.804

---

---

Proteinuria (increased by 1 g/24 h)

0.971 (0.903, 1.044)

0.429

---

---

Serum albumin (increased by 1 g/L)

0.996 (0.965, 1.027)

0.789

---

---

eGFR (increased by 1 ml/min/1.73m²)

0.998 (0.990, 1.006)

0.604

---

---

Anti-PLA2R antibody positivity

1.248 (0.796, 1.956)

0.335

---

---

Anti-PLA2R antibody level (increased by 20U/mL)

0.993 (0.937, 1.053)

0.819

---

---

Treatment

 ACEI/ARBs only (yes)

ref

---

 Calcineurin inhibitor w/o corticosteroids

1.463 (0.944, 2.267)

0.089

---

---

 Rituximab

0.537 (0.213, 1.349)

0.186

---

---

 Cyclophosphamide + corticosteroids

0.579 (0.163, 2.050)

0.397

---

---

Mycophenolate mofetil

0.733 (0.083, 6.448)

0.780

---

---

After COVID-19 infection

Disease severity

 Mild

ref

---

 Severe

0.596 (0.259, 1.372)

0.224

---

---

Fever

 Maximum temperature (increased by 0.5 °C)

1.021 (0.876, 1.189)

0.795

---

---

 Duration (increased by 1 day)

1.211 (1.057, 1.387)

0.006

1.181 (1.029, 1.356)

0.018

Treatments for COVID-19

 NSAIDs

0.927 (0.625, 1.374)

0.705

---

---

 Antiviral agents

0.792 (0.088, 7.148)

0.835

---

---

 Antibiotic agents

0.901 (0.400, 2.028)

0.801

---

---

 Traditional Chinese medicine

1.407 (0.950, 2.084)

0.089

---

---

Treatments for MN

 Withdraw immunosuppressant and/or steroids

1.107 (1.009, 1.214)

0.032

2.571 (1.377, 4.799)

0.003

 Withdrawal time (increased by 1 day)

1.113 (1.045, 1.186)

0.001

1.107 (1.038, 1.179)

0.002