Table 1 Characters of patients with primary MN
From: Risk factors for relapse and aggravation in membranous nephropathy after COVID-19 infection
N = 656 | COVID-19 infection | P | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
Yes (n = 555) | No (n = 101) | |||
Before COVID-19 infection | ||||
Age (years) | 55.8 ± 14.8 | 54.9 ± 14.7 | 60.4 ± 14.0 | < 0.001 |
Gender (M/F) | 408/248 | 340/215 | 68/33 | 0.248 |
COVID-19 vaccination, n (%) | 340 (51.8) | 287 (51.7) | 53 (52.5) | 0.888 |
Single dose | 26 (4.0) | 21 (3.8) | 5 (5.0) | 0.783 |
Two doses | 95 (14.5) | 79 (14.2) | 16 (15.8) | 0.673 |
Three doses | 219 (33.4) | 184 (33.2) | 35 (34.7) | 0.769 |
Nephrotic syndrome, n (%) | 53 (8.1) | 42 (7.6) | 11 (10.9) | 0.260 |
Proteinuria (g/24 h) | 0.9 (0.2, 2.7) | 0.9 (0.2, 2.7) | 1.1 (0.3, 3.2) | 0.127 |
Serum albumin (g/L) | 38.9 ± 6.2 | 39.0 ± 6.2 | 37.9 ± 6.3 | 0.085 |
Hematuria, n (%) | 236 (36.0) | 201 (36.2) | 35 (34.7) | 0.763 |
Serum creatinine (µmol/L) | 82.0 (70.0, 99.8) | 81.0 (69.0, 98.0) | 92.0 (75.5, 108.0) | < 0.001 |
eGFR (ml/min per 1.73m2) | 81.6 ± 24.6 | 83.3 ± 24.3 | 72.2 ± 24.5 | < 0.001 |
Anti-PLA2R antibody positivity, n (%) | 166 (25.3) | 132 (23.8) | 34 (33.7) | 0.036 |
Anti-PLA2R antibody level (U/mL) | 69.0 (35.3, 117.0) | 64.0 (34.0, 116.3) | 82.0 (60.0,123.5) | 0.210 |
Treatments | ||||
ACEI/ARBs only, n (%) | 228 (34.8) | 196 (35.3) | 32 (31.7) | 0.481 |
Immunosuppressive therapies, n (%) | 388 (59.1) | 328 (59.1) | 60 (59.4) | 0.154 |
Calcineurin inhibitor w/o corticosteroids | 300 (45.7) | 253 (45.6) | 47 (46.5) | |
Rituximab | 51 (7.8) | 47 (8.5) | 4 (4.0) | |
Cyclophosphamide + corticosteroids | 29 (4.4) | 22 (4.0) | 7 (6.9) | |
Mycophenolate mofetil | 8 (1.2) | 6 (1.1) | 2 (2.0) | |
After COVID-19 infection | ||||
Proteinuria aggravation, n (%) | 121 (18.4) | 112 (20.2) | 9 (8.9) | 0.007 |
Proteinuria relapse, n (%) | 33 (5.0) | 30 (5.4) | 3 (3.0) | 0.303 |
Immune aggravation, n (%) | 16 (2.4) | 16 (2.9) | 0 (0) | 0.169 |
Immune relapse, n (%) | 5 (0.8) | 5 (0.9) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
eGFR reduction > 30% from baseline, n (%) | 10 (1.5) | 10 (1.8) | 0 (0) | 0.359 |
ESKD, n (%) | 2 (0.3) | 2 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |
Death, n (%) | 4 (0.6) | 4 (0.7) | 0 (0) | 1.000 |