Depression as a risk factor for osteoporosis independent of sarcopenia in hemodialysis patients: findings from a multicenter cross-sectional study

Table 4 Associations of Sarcopenia, SMI, HGS, and depression with osteoporosis

Variables	All				Male				Female
Variables	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Sex (male vs. female)	0.970 (0.716, 1.315)	0.846	0.485 (0.313, 0.753)	0.001
Age (years)	1.018 (1.005, 1.031)	0.005	1.011 (0.997, 1.025)	0.131	0.999 (0.983, 1.015)	0.925	0.993 (0.996, 1.010)	0.426	1.052 (1.028, 1.077)	<0.001	1.041 (1.015, 1.068)	0.002
BMI (kg/m²)	0.939 (0.899, 0.979)	0.004	0.992(0.940, 1.047)	0.781	0.910 (0.859, 0.964)	0.001	0.996(0.896, 1.041)	0.366	0.950 (0.887, 1.018)	0.145	0.992 (0.913, 1.077)	0.840
Dialysis duration (months)	1.007 (1.005, 1.010)	<0.001	1.007 (1.004, 1.010)	<0.001	1.007 (1.003, 1.011)	<0.001	1.007 (1.003, 1.010)	<0.001	1.008 (1.004, 1.012)	<0.001	1.008 (1.003, 1.012)	0.001
Sarcopenia	1.760 (1.177, 2.632)	0.006			1.574 (0.932, 2.659)	0.090			2.059 (1.070, 3.960)	0.031
SMI (kg/m²)			0.635 (0.502, 0.804)	<0.001			0.678 (0.506, 0.908)	0.009			0.583 (0.385, 0.884)	0.011
Handgrip strength(kg)			0.989 (0.965, 1.015)	0.407			0.992 (0.965, 1.021)	0.586			0.968 (0.915, 1.023)	0.249
Depression	1.458 (1.086, 1.958)	0.012	1.454 (1.078, 1.962)	0.014	1.220(0.836, 1.781)	0.303	1.220(0.833, 1.787)	0.308	1.839(1.129, 2.994)	0.014	1.794(1.084, 2.970)	0.023

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