Depression as a risk factor for osteoporosis independent of sarcopenia in hemodialysis patients: findings from a multicenter cross-sectional study

Hu, Xiaohua; Ye, Xianwu; Chen, Haimin; Wu, Bibo; Guo, Qi; Yu, Chen; Ding, Wei; Niu, Jianying; Zhao, Junli; Qi, Hualin; Zhang, Suhua; Xue, Cheng; Zhang, Liming

doi:10.1186/s12882-025-03963-1

Table 3 Associations of Sarcopenia, SMI, HGS, and depression with osteoporosis by univariate logistic regression analysis

From: Depression as a risk factor for osteoporosis independent of sarcopenia in hemodialysis patients: findings from a multicenter cross-sectional study

Variables	All		Male		Female
Variables	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value	OR (95% CI)	P value
Sex (male vs. female)	1.183 (0.894, 1.566)	0.240
Age (years)	1.021 (1.009, 1.032)	< 0.001	1.004 (0.990, 1.018)	0.602	1.051 (1.030, 1.073)	< 0.001
BMI (kg/m²)	0.910 (0.875, 0.946)	< 0.001	0.881 (0.833, 0.931)	< 0.001	0.945 (0.894, 0.999)	0.045
Duration of dialysis (months)	1.008 (1.005, 1.010)	< 0.001	1.008 (1.005, 1.011)	< 0.001	1.007 (1.003, 1.011)	0.001
Sarcopenia	2.513 (1.774, 3.559)	< 0.001	2.132 (1.360, 3.341)	0.001	3.191 (1.826, 5.579)	< 0.001
SMI (kg/m²)	0.667 (0.589, 0.756)	< 0.001	0.605 (0.500, 0.732)	< 0.001	0.498 (0.371, 0.668)	< 0.001
Handgrip strength(kg)	0.963 (0.948, 0.979)	< 0.001	0.975 (0.953, 0.991)	0.025	0.902 (0.866, 0.941)	< 0.001
Depression	1.482 (1.120, 1.962)	0.006	1.228 (0.856, 1.761)	0.264	1.961 (1.252, 3.073)	0.003
Gait speed (m/s)	0.858 (0.546,1.349)	0.507	1.333 (0.733,2.424)	0.346	0.481 (0.236, 0.919)	0.044
IPAQ (Met/wk)	1.000 (1.000, 1.000)	0.457	1.000 (1.000, 1.000)	0.862	1.000 (1.000, 1.000)	0.231
MIS	1.015 (0.967, 1.006)	0.536	1.012 (0.948, 1.079)	0.727	1.011 (0.938, 1.090)	0.768
CCI	1.004 (0.925, 1.090)	0.918	0.983 (0.887, 1.089)	0.739	1.067 (0.927, 1.228)	0.365
Hemoglobin (g/L)	1.002 (0.994, 1.011)	0.592	0.998 (0.988, 1.009)	0.773	1.012 (0.996, 1.027)	0.133
Albumin (g/L)	0.994 (0.980, 1.008)	0.408	0.996 (0.981, 1.011)	0.600	0.990 (0.959, 1.021)	0.529
CRP (mg/L)	1.002 (0.992, 1.012)	0.717	1.008 (0.995, 1.020)	0.243	0.988 (0.967, 1.010)	0.285
Total cholesterol(mmol/L)	0.973 (0.866, 1.092)	0.639	0.961 (0.804, 1.148)	0.660	0.950 (0.808, 1.118)	0.539
Triglycerides(mmol/L)	0.853 (0.776, 0.938)	0.001	0.839 (0.740, 0.951)	0.006	0.869 (0.752, 1.005)	0.059
HDL-cholesterol(mmol/L)	2.128 (1.306, 3.468)	0.002	2.549 (1.349, 4.819)	0.004	1.479 (0.667, 3.282)	0.335
LDL-cholesterol(mmol/L)	0.919 (0.774, 1.090)	0.332	0.843 (0.664, 1.072)	0.164	0.965 (0.748, 1.246)	0.785
Phosphate (mmol/L)	0.838 (0.675, 1.041)	0.110	0.849 (0.647, 1.114)	0.239	0.817 (0.569, 1.174)	0.274
Calcium (mmol/L)	0.801 (0.466, 1.376)	0.421	0.670 (0.337, 1.332)	0.253	1.018 (0.415, 2.498)	0.969
PTH (pg/mL)	1.001 (1.001, 1.002)	< 0.001	1.001 (1.000, 1.001)	0.005	1.002 (1.001, 1.002)	< 0.001
Vitamin D(nmol/L)	1.005 (0.997, 1.013)	0.259	1.012 (1.002, 1.022)	0.015	0.990 (0.975, 1.005)	0.197
Kt/V	2.259 (1.591, 4.019)	< 0.001	2.908(1.504, 5.619)	0.001	2.088 (0.981, 4.444)	0.056
Calcium-phosphorus metabolism drug	1.175 (0.890, 1.552)	0.256	1.247 (0.868, 1.792)	0.232	1.103 (0.712, 1.709)	0.660

BMI, body mass index; SMI, skeletal mass index; IPAQ, international physical activity questionnaire; Met/wk, metabolic equivalent task minutes per week; MIS, malnutrition inflammation score; CCI, Charlson Comorbidity Index; CRP, C-reactive protein; HDL-cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; LDL-cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; PTH, parathyroid hormone; Kt/V, fractional clearance index for urea

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