Table 2 Renal, cardiometabolic, anthropometric, and dietary indices of the participants in the study

Glomerular filtration rate (mL/min/1.73m ² )

72.10 \(\pm\) 10.51

71.51

14.05

Blood urea nitrogen (mg/dL)

12.26 \(\pm\) 3.09

11.88

4.07

Serum creatinine (mg/dL)

1.00 \(\pm\) 0.16

0.98

0.22

Fasting blood sugar (mg/dL)

90.11 \(\pm\) 11.83

88.69

11.86

Triglyceride (mg/dL)

133.24 \(\pm\) 76.23

113.77

81.70

Total cholesterol ( mg/dL)

175.70 \(\pm\) 32.80

172.88

42.41

High-density lipoprotein (mg/dL)

49.39 \(\pm\) 9.97

48.17

13.51

Low-density lipoprotein (mg/dL)

99.48 \(\pm\) 22.84

98.00

30.92

Systolic blood pressure (mmHg)

109.08 \(\pm\) 11.94

108.00

17.00

Diastolic blood pressure (mmHg)

72.56 \(\pm\) 8.94

71.00

14.00

Height (cm)

165.29 \(\pm\) 9.21

164.50

14.40

Weight (kg)

72.10 \(\pm\) 12.68

71.20

17.50

Waist circumference (cm)

93.22 \(\pm\) 9.35

93.00

12.00

Hip circumference (cm)

102.00 \(\pm\) 6.88

101.80

8.90

Body mass index (kg/m²)

26.33 \(\pm\) 3.70

26.11

4.61

A body shape index \({(\mathbf{m}/\mathbf{k}\mathbf{g})}^{2/3}\)

0.08 \(\pm\) 0.004

0.084

0.01

Abdominal volume index (m ² )

17.63 \(\pm\) 3.50

17.33

4.42

Conicity index \({(\mathbf{m}/\mathbf{k}\mathbf{g})}^{1/2}\)

1.30 \(\pm\) 0.07

1.29

0.09

Body adiposity index (1/ \({\mathbf{m}}^{1/2}\) ) %

30.24 \(\pm\) 4.74

29.83

6.55

Visceral adiposity index ( \({\mathbf{m}}^{3}\) /kg)

4.78 \(\pm\) 3.22

3.94

3.20

Dietary inflammatory index

- 0.29 \(\pm\) 1.73

- 0.32

2.71