Table 2 Comparison between NHANES participants with and without albuminuria
Variable | Total (N = 9217) | Non-Albuminuria (N = 8394) | Albuminuria (N = 823) | P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 56.3 ± 10.8 | 56.0 ± 10.7 | 59.6 ± 11.2 | < 0.001 |
Gender (n,%) | 0.973 | |||
Male | 4385 (47.6) | 3993 (47.6) | 392 (47.6) | |
Female | 4832 (52.4) | 4401 (52.4) | 431 (52.4) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.8 ± 6.3 | 28.7 ± 6.2 | 29.6 ± 7.1 | < 0.001 |
Ethnicity (n,%) | < 0.001 | |||
Mexican American | 1266 (13.7) | 1155 (13.8) | 111 (13.5) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 4374 (47.5) | 4037 (48.1) | 337 (40.9) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 1712 (18.6) | 1493 (17.8) | 219 (26.6) | |
Other Race | 1865 (20.2) | 1709 (20.3) | 156 (19.0) | |
Marital status (n,%) | < 0.001 | |||
Never married | 761 (8.2) | 686 (8.2) | 75 (9.1) | |
Widowed, Divorced, Separated | 2422 (26.3) | 2151 (25.6) | 271 (32.9) | |
Living with partner, Married | 6034 (65.5) | 5557 (66.2) | 477 (58.0) | |
Education (n,%) | < 0.001 | |||
Less than 9th grade | 983 (10.7) | 868 (10.3) | 115 (14.0) | |
9-11th grade or High school | 3267 (35.4) | 2937 (35.0) | 330 (40.1) | |
Some college or College or above | 4967 (53.9) | 4589 (54.7) | 378 (45.9) | |
Family income to poverty ratio (n,%) | < 0.001 | |||
≤ 130% | 2620 (28.4) | 2326 (27.7) | 294 (35.7) | |
130–350% | 3205 (34.8) | 2885 (34.4) | 320 (38.9) | |
> 350% | 3392 (36.8) | 3183 (37.9) | 209 (25.4) | |
Smoking (n,%) | 0.002 | |||
Never | 4799 (52.1) | 4414 (52.6) | 385 (46.8) | |
Former | 2534 (27.5) | 2298 (27.4) | 236 (28.7) | |
Now | 1884 (20.4) | 1682 (20.0) | 202 (24.5) | |
Charlson comorbidity index (n,%) | < 0.001 | |||
0 | 4825 (52.4) | 4489 (53.5) | 336 (40.8) | |
1 | 2029 (22.0) | 1836 (21.9) | 193 (23.5) | |
2 | 1135 (12.3) | 1016 (12.1) | 119 (14.5) | |
≥ 3 | 1228 (13.3) | 1053 (12.5) | 175 (21.2) | |
Hypertension (n,%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 4920 (53.4) | 4662 (55.5) | 258 (31.3) | |
Yes | 4297 (46.6) | 3732 (44.5) | 565 (68.7) | |
Hyperlipidemia (n,%) | 0.059 | |||
No | 7103 (77.1) | 6447 (76.8) | 656 (79.7) | |
Yes | 2114 (22.9) | 1947 (23.2) | 167 (20.3) | |
ACEI/ARB (n,%) | 0.014 | |||
No | 8148 (88.4) | 7442 (88.7) | 706 (85.8) | |
Yes | 1069 (11.6) | 952 (11.3) | 117 (14.2) | |
Klotho (pg/ml) | 803.1 (658.4-987.8) | 806.9 (661.3-991.4) | 758.8 (620.1-958.2) | 0.001 |
eGFR (ml/min per1.73 m2) | 88.3 ± 18.5 | 88.9 ± 17.6 | 82.7 ± 24.7 | < 0.001 |