Table 1 Characteristics of participants without diabetes mellitus
Serum klotho level (pg/mL) | Tertile 1 (N = 3071) | Tertile 2 (N = 3072) | Tertile 3 (N = 3074) | P-value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (year) | 57.5 ± 11.1 | 56.0 ± 10.7 | 55.3 ± 10.6 | < 0.001 |
Gender (n,%) | < 0.001 | |||
Male | 1576 (51.3) | 1512 (49.2) | 1297 (42.2) | |
Female | 1495 (48.7) | 1560 (50.8) | 1777 (57.8) | |
BMI (kg/m2) | 28.9 ± 5.9 | 28.9 ± 6.3 | 28.6 ± 6.5 | 0.173 |
Ethnicity (n,%) | < 0.001 | |||
Mexican American | 432 (14.1) | 452 (14.7) | 382 (12.4) | |
Non-Hispanic White | 1539 (50.1) | 1507 (49.1) | 1328 (43.2) | |
Non-Hispanic Black | 551 (17.9) | 457 (14.9) | 704 (22.9) | |
Other Race | 549 (17.9) | 656 (21.3) | 660 (21.5) | |
Marital status (n,%) | 0.357 | |||
Never married | 247 (8.0) | 240 (7.8) | 274 (8.9) | |
Widowed, Divorced, Separated | 812 (26.5) | 788 (25.7) | 822 (26.7) | |
Living with partner, Married | 2012 (65.5) | 2044 (66.5) | 1978 (64.4) | |
Education (n,%) | 0.010 | |||
Less than 9th grade | 340 (11.1) | 335 (10.9) | 308 (10.0) | |
9-11th grade or High school | 1150 (37.4) | 1072 (34.9) | 1045 (34.0) | |
Some college or College or above | 1581 (51.5) | 1665 (54.2) | 1721 (56.0) | |
Family income to poverty ratio (n,%) | 0.345 | |||
≤ 130% | 896 (29.2) | 839 (27.3) | 885 (28.8) | |
130–350% | 1080 (35.2) | 1069 (34.8) | 1056 (34.3) | |
> 350% | 1095 (35.6) | 1164 (37.9) | 1133 (36.9) | |
Smoking (n,%) | < 0.001 | |||
Never | 1421 (46.3) | 1595 (51.9) | 1783 (58.0) | |
Former | 932 (30.3) | 842 (27.4) | 760 (24.7) | |
Now | 718 (23.4) | 635 (20.7) | 531 (17.3) | |
Charlson comorbidity index (n,%) | < 0.001 | |||
0 | 1508 (49.1) | 1638 (53.3) | 1679 (54.6) | |
1 | 724 (23.6) | 664 (21.6) | 641 (20.9) | |
2 | 356 (11.6) | 383 (12.5) | 396 (12.9) | |
≥ 3 | 483 (15.7) | 387 (12.6) | 358 (11.6) | |
Hypertension (n,%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 1525 (49.7) | 1693 (55.1) | 1702 (55.4) | |
Yes | 1546 (50.3) | 1379 (44.9) | 1372 (44.6) | |
Hyperlipidemia (n,%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 2425 (79.0) | 2401 (78.2) | 2277 (74.1) | |
Yes | 646 (21.0) | 671 (21.8) | 797 (25.9) | |
ACEI/ARB (n,%) | 0.095 | |||
No | 2686 (87.5) | 2741 (89.2) | 2721 (88.5) | |
Yes | 385 (12.5) | 331 (10.8) | 353 (11.5) | |
Albuminuria (n,%) | < 0.001 | |||
No | 2737 (89.1) | 2818 (91.7) | 2839 (92.4) | |
Yes | 334 (10.9) | 254 (8.3) | 235 (7.6) | |
eGFR (mL/min/1.73 m2) | 85.6 ± 20.0 | 88.7 ± 17.7 | 90.6 ± 17.2 | < 0.001 |
Urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (mg/g) | 6.95 (4.62–12.61) | 6.75 (4.55–12.02) | 6.69 (4.68–11.46) | 0.007 |