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Table 1 Baseline characteristics of patients with and without MACE

From: Carotid plaque thickness predicts cardiovascular events and death in patients with chronic kidney disease

Variable

Patients without MACE

Patients with MACE

p-value

Number of participants (n)

155

45

 

Age (yr)

61 (52–70)

69 (65–72)

< 0.001

Female sex (n, %)

66 (42.6)

9 (20.0)

0.006

BMI

28.7 (± 0.5)

29.0 (± 0.9)

0.770

Hypertension (n, %)

138 (89.0)

40 (88.9)

0.978

Hypercholesterolemia (n, %)

124 (80.0)

39 (86.7)

0.346

Diabetes (n, %)

29 (18.7)

19 (42.2)

0.001

 - Type 1 diabetes (n, %)

 - Type 2 diabetes (n, %)

4 (2.6)

25 (16.1)

2 (4.4)

17 (37.8)

 

Prevalent CVD at baseline (n, %)

21 (13.5)

21 (46.7)

< 0.001

Smoking (pack years)

3 (0–20)

21 (0–50)

0.006

Medication (n, %)

   

 - Anti-hypertensive

 - Lipid-lowering

 - Diabetic treatment

 - Anti-platelet

 - Anti-coagulation

130 (83.9)

73 (47.1)

22 (14.2)

36 (23.2)

5 (3.2)

38 (84.4)

31 (68.9)

17 (37.8)

26 (57.8)

4 (8.9)

0.926

0.010

< 0.001

< 0.001

0.117

P-creatinine (µmol/l)

138 (120–163)

150 (132–169)

0.048

eGFR (ml/min/1.73m2)

41 (35–50)

38 (34–44)

0.039

P-HDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)

1.53 (± 0.05)

1.46 (± 0.09)

0.460

P-LDL-cholesterol (mmol/l)

3.0 (± 0.1)

2.7 (± 0.1)

0.073

P-triglycerides (mmol/l)

1.51 (1.12–2.24)

1.63 (1.28–2.51)

0.318

P-glucose (mmol/l)

6.1 (± 0.1)

6.9 (± 0.3)

0.017

P-ionized calcium (mmol/l)

1.23 (± 0.00)

1.20 (± 0.01)

0.003

P-phosphate (mmol/l)

1.02 (± 0.02)

1.05 (± 0.03)

0.454

P-urate (mmol/l)

0.45 (± 0.01)

0.44 (± 0.02)

0.800

Urine albumin/creatinine ratio x 10− 3

56 (7-271)

138 (35–692)

0.016

Plaque presence at baseline (n, %)

76 (49.0)

39 (86.7)

< 0.001

cPTmax at baseline (mm)

0 (0-1.6)

1.9 (1.5–2.8)

< 0.001

CACS

7 (0-156)

370 (87-1044)

< 0.001

CACS categories (n, %):

  

< 0.001

No coronary calcification

CACS 1-100

CACS 101–400

CACS > 400

66 (47.8)

30 (21.7)

21 (15.2)

21 (15.2)

7 (18.9)

3 (8.1)

10 (27.0)

17 (45.9)

 
  1. BMI: body mass index. CVD: cardiovascular disease. cPTmax: maximal carotid plaque thickness
  2. CACS: Coronary artery calcium score. Normally distributed data are presented as means ± (SE). Skewed data are reported as median (IQR). Categorical variables are presented as n (%). There were 1–2 missing values of the following variables: P-HDL-cholesterol, P-LDL-cholesterol, P-triglycerides, hypercholesterolemia, and alcohol intake, 9 missing values of the variable urine albumin/creatinine ratio and 25 missing values for CACS and CACS categories (missing values from 17 patients without MACE and 8 patients with MACE)
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BMC Nephrology

ISSN: 1471-2369

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